TRAGIC ANTHROPOCENTRISM OF THE RATIONAL AND EMPIRICAL IN UNEXPLORED KYRGYZ EPICS

The main purpose of this paper is the socio-philosophical, artistic understanding of unexplored Kyrgyz epics Aк Maktym(“Beauty Maktym”), Zhalajyr jalgyz (“Lonely Zhalajyr”) and Culmurza and Aksatkin (“Culmurza and Aksatkin”) from the point of view of anthropological values.

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that until today the Kyrgyz epics have been poorly studied in the philosophical aspect. In our opinion, the research tradition misses one of the finest elements of the epic culture of the Kyrgyz as a tragic anthropocentrism of heroes. As practice shows, epic scholars pay more attention to the traditional, national, Patriotic, emotional aspects of Kyrgyz legends, without revealing the meanings of “existential”, “essential” drama and tragedy of epic characters. Whereas from our point of view, it is the tragic anthropocentrism of the heroes that is the Central problem of the Kyrgyz epic, which is expressed in the irreversible, hopeless, almost existential (according to Kierkegaard) loneliness of one human destiny, doomed either to deprivation of one's own “I” or to imminent death.

The work is presented on the basis of traditional research methods, including plot-compositional, descriptive-textual, logical-analytical techniques that contribute to the harmonious combination of “liveliness” of the epic with its ideological and mental resources and expressive-emotional capabilities.

An analysis of the rational and empirical in Kyrgyz poems “Aк Maktym”, “Lonely Zhalajyr”, “Culmurza and Aksatkin” gives us the following results of the study. The origins of the tragic loneliness of the human being are: moral and physical enslavement of women from foreign ethnic group (“Ak Maktym”); and existential orphanhood as a social problem, which exists independently of the desires and will of man (“Lonely Zhalajyr”); social inequality and the sacrifice of love as the product of clan prejudices (“Culmurza and Aksatkin”). All poems touch upon the tragic fate of the lone hero, equipped mainly with empirical (partly reasonable) knowledge, implemented in epistemological and axiological dilemmas: “man-society”, “man-nature” and “man-man”. The hero (heroine) has different forms of manifestation of rational and sensual against circumstances, force, power and prejudice. It is an active struggle (Aк Maktym), passive humility (Zhalajyr) and suicidality (Aksatkin).

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