TO THE PROBLEMS OF THE STUDY OF THE YAKUT-TUNGUS BORROWINGS IN THE EPIC

The article discusses a problem of studying of interrelations of folklore traditions of Yakuts and Tungus (Evenki and Evens). The presented subject is exclusively important for the researchers in two problems. It is, first, the origin of the Tungus epic - whether it is a product of independent development of Tungus folklore or the Tungus epic has developed under direct and rather strong influence of samples of the Yakut heroic epic olonkho or, probably, at influence of any other epic tradition which was close to Turkic and Mongolian one. Secondly, it is character and forms of realisation of folklore interrelations in epic genres or the genres close to the epic and having correspondences with the epic. The actuality of presented article is connected by that in process of accumulation of number of the Yakut and Tungus epic texts in studying of an epic heritage of the peoples of Yakutia there are put the new problems, namely: studying of poetics of different ethnic epic traditions, and also objective research of different forms of display of interrelations of different ethnic traditions at level of plots, poetic figures and receptions (in qualitative and quantitative aspects), motives, details of a narration, the world of objects in epic texts. The main purpose of work is to show the facts and forms of interrelation of the Yakut epos and wider the Yakut narrative folklore with folklore of the Evenki and the Evens in the samples fixed for last 50-60 years. Our work designates prospects of consideration of each new Tungus epic text in respect of searches of analogies with Yakut olonkho and some types of fairy tales known for today in spheres of subjects, characters, structure of motives, the world of objects and attributes, and also in areas of epic sociology (social relations of epic heroes in the sphere of the main character and in the phere of its antagonists) and epic cultural science (structure and the image of the world of artefacts: clothes, the weapons, art subjects, the relation of the person and animals, etc.). The basic results of research are that: 1) concrete Yakut-Tungus parallels under texts; 2) a variety of their types; 3) presence of any elements of the text outside of Yakut-Tungus ethnographic area; 4) influence of the Yakut fantastic tradition on formation of late plots of the Tungus epos, traced both on an Evenki epic material, aswell as on a material of Even texts.

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