KUMYS IN TRADITIONAL CULTURE OF THE YAKUTS (ON THE BASIS OF OLONKHO THE YAKUT HEROIC EPOS)

The article considers kumys not only as the element of the traditional food of the Yakuts and life energy source of, but also as an important part of the traditional culture of the nation. There is a description of types of the Yakut kumys in order to characterize each type in correlation with its properties and consumption. The Yakut drink kumys is considered not only as a favorite drink due to its specific properties, but a beverage of an important ritual significance in the Yakut national culture.

In the epic texts kumys is described as the drink of heroes among other dairy products, which are the part of the Yakut traditional food. Guests are treated not only to kumys, but other national dishes.

Kumys and choron a patterned cup are not only traditional objects of ritual serving, but are the main objects that accompany the ceremony of propitiation of spirits and gods.

The increased interest of the population to kumys as a beverage, which has been considered a source of long life and good health since ancient times, is due to conscious return to the roots, rethinking its value not only ritually marked and permanent part of the summer holiday, but also as an everyday useful and necessary food.

1. Kovshova M. L. Lingvokul’turologicheskij metod vo frazeologii: Kody kul’tury. – M.: Knizhnyj dom “LIBROKOM“, 2012. – 456 s.

2. Bljuda narodov Jakutii / sost. V. N. Fedorova. – Jakutsk: Kn. izd-vo, 1990. – 208 s.

3. Seroshevskij V. L. Jakuty. Opyt jetnograficheskogo issledovanija. 2-e izd. – M.: ROSSPJeN, 1993. – 736 s.

4. Savvin A. A. Pishha jakutov do razvitija zemledelija (opyt istoriko-jetnograficheskoj monografii). – Jakutsk: IGI AN RS(Ja), 2005. – 376 s.

5. Utkin K. D. Kul’tura naroda Saha: jetnograficheskij aspekt. – Jakutsk: Bichik, 1998. – 368 s.

6. Antonov N. K. K istorii jakutskogo prazdnika ysyah // 79-85 Jazyk-mif-kul’tura narodov Sibiri: sbornik nauchnyh trudov. – Jakutsk: Izd-vo JaGU, 1994. – 231 s.

7. Semenova Z. F. Kosmologicheskie predstavlenija u jakutov: simvolika i znak // Duhovnaja kul’tura v zhizni jetnosa: Sbornik nauchnyh trudov. – Jakutsk: JaNC SO AN SSSR, 1991. – 108 s.

8. Jergis G. U. Kumysnoe prazdnestvo (Ysyah)/ Nacional’naja kul’tura korennyh narodov Respubliki Saha (Jakutija). T. I. Petrova, V. R. Shishigina. – Jakutsk: Kn.izd-vo, 1992. – 112 s.

9. Petrova A. G. Tradicionnoe iskusstvo i ritual’no-obrjadovaja praktika narodov Central’noj Azii, Juzhnoj i Severo-Vostochnoj Sibiri: kompleksnoe issledovanie (na materialah jekspedicij 2008-2010 gg.) // Jetnografija, fol’kloristika i religiovedenie Sibiri i sopredel’nyh regionov. – Jakutsk: Izd-vo IGIiPMNIS SO RAN, 2013. – 362 s.

10. Ksenofontov G. V. Uraanghaj-sahalar. Ocherki po drevnej istorii jakutov. Tom 1, 1-ja kniga. – Jakutsk: Nac. izd-vo Respubliki Saha (Jakutija), 1992. – 416 s.

11. Tolkovyj slovar’ jakutskogo jazyka: v 15-ti t. / pod red. A. Slepcova. – Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2007. T. 4. – 671 s.

12. Pekarskij Je. K. Slovar’ jakutskogo jazyka: v 3-h t. 2-e izd. – L.: Izd-vo Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1959.

13. Kyys Djebilijje: jakutskij geroicheskij jepos. – Novosibirsk: VO “Nauka”. Sibirskaja izdatel’skaja firma, 1993. – 330 s.

14. Zaharov T. V. Chjejebij. Ala-Bulkun: Jakutskoe olonho / zapis’ V. N. Vasil’eva; podg. teksta Je. K. Pekarskogo, N. V. Emel’janova; per. G. V. Baisheva. – Jakutsk: RAK Sib. otd-e Jakut. in-ta jaz., lit. i ist., 1994. – 104 s.

15. Nelunov A. G. Jakutsko-russkij frazeologicheskij slovar’. – Novosibirsk: Izd-vo SO RAN, 1998. – T. I. – 287 s.

16. Ojuunuskaj P. A. D’ulurujar N’urgun Bootur (olonho). IV. – Jakutskaj: Saha sirinjejeҕi kinigje izdatel’stvota, 1959. – 313 s.

17. Njurgun Bootur Stremitel’nyj: jakutskij geroicheskij jepos – olonho. Vossozdal na osnove narodnyh skazanij Platon Ojunskij / nauch. red. I. V. Puhov; perevel na russkij jazyk V. Derzhavin. Izd. 2-e. – Jakutsk: Kn. izd-vo, 1983. – 432 s.