POETICS OF THE YAKUT OLONKHO: IMAGES OF COMPARISONS (on the basis of the text recorded by A. F. Middendorf)

The article considers the features of images of comparisons in the olonkho text recorded by A. F. Middendorf in 1844. The text of this record consists of two parts: the first part is recorded in the original language in prosaic form in the Latin alphabet; The second is a retelling of the content of the olonkho in Russian. As the text material for the study, the first part of the record, which was previously transcribed by the authors into Cyrillic alphabet and translated into a poetic form, was taken. For a comparative analysis of the images of comparison to the study, texts of other olonkho are involved.

According to the authors’ opinion, in the Yakut narrative art the level of ownership of such an artistic and visual medium as comparison reached the highest degree. The comparisons created by the Yakut narrators are intended to convey not only the semantic information, but rather the emotional attitude of the narrator to the action, his world view and attitude, as well as his intellectual and creative abilities. And since olonkho is a collective work, in addition to the individual qualities of an individual person, it is capable of characterizing a national-specific vision of the world of an entire ethnic group.

Based on the results of the study of the passage of the text, only 11 comparisons were found. It is established that the most frequent phenomena in comparison are the phenomena of nature (glade, river bend, hill, earth fault, mountain split). Such comparisons are considered the earliest in epic tales. Single examples of the use of images of man, animal, insect and object of life are noted. Nine comparisons are stable formulas, in the text of the olonkho their simplified versions are used, that is, practically only the basics of the images are transmitted without detailed elaboration. This is one of the signs of the lack of improvisational talent from the olonkho performer, recorded by A. F. Middendorf. Two examples of comparison did not find analogies in other olonkhos considered. In the first of them, the “landing” of the sacred horse, the loss of its celestial origin, is observed. In the second, the expression of dislike for a person of a different nationality is recognized.

Acknowledgements: The research is financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities, project No. 15-04-00496 (а)

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