Comparative matrix for the analysis of myths and epics

The aim of the work is to create a universal method for comparing various methods and epics with each other. To date, there have been many attempts to universalize such comparative studies, the approaches of which extend from vague and overlapping definitions of the original concepts to the algebraic formulas of Levi-Strauss and Propp. In general, the existing methodology is based on comparative and historical-typological approaches, the development of which continues in the proposed work. The novelty of the proposed methodology is based on the comparative matrix of the study of the main myths and epics, where the horizontal lines are highlighted within the framework of the structural-typological method: “The structure of the Universe”: “The main gods”; “The world of human habitation, housing, objects surrounding a person in his everyday life”; “The main characters”; “Supernatural beings interacting with man and gods”; “Animals, birds, insects, trees”; “Sacred objects, places, structures”; In addition, relying on the systems approach, vertical columns are highlighted: “Initial elements”; “Structures”; “Functions”; “Systems”; “Subsystems”. As the first stage of the study, a general description of the myths and epics selected for consideration is given. The developed methodological approach based on the presented matrices is natural for comparative mythology and can interact with any of its traditional methods, allowing one to see the totality of the studied problems in volume from the most diverse sides, bringing together the questions that arise. Even the study within one cell is accompanied by several contexts of the whole myth and its comparison with other myths in various directions. This panorama of the myth and its characteristic features can unfold in rows, groups, pairs and other formations, the study of which can interact with any traditional methods. The prospect is a comparative study of myths and epics of different continents and mentalities, which is the subject of further research.

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