Sustainable epic formulas in Oymyakon olonkho: comparative aspect

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the text of the Oymyakon olonkho Duguya Bogyo by olonkhosut M. F. Ammosov (total 4221 poetic lines) with the main fund of published (58 units) olonkho texts in order to detect their interaction and mutual influence at the level of stable epic formulas. At the same time, to narrow the search circle, epic formulas well-known to epicompetition were eliminated, which are typical places and therefore are contained in almost all olonkho texts in one variation or another. In this regard, more “narrow” formulas are considered that are not known to the wide scientific community. Thus, this article will make a modest contribution to expanding the diversity of epic material for further comparative studies. It is important to note that the identification of primordial epic formulas, which are the basis for further variations, is impossible. However, in our opinion, the establishment of a relationship between epic formulas is quite possible and is a priority for modern researchers of the Yakut olonkho. In the course of the analysis, 299 units of epic formulas formed on the basis of rhythmic-syntactic parallelism were revealed from the text under study. Of these 299 units, correspondence and analogies are observed in 20 examples, which is 6.68% of their total number. As a result of the analysis of these stable epic formulas, it was established that in them the primary organizing principle is rhythmic-syntactic parallelism, and the secondary is the initial alliteration. Due to this, epic formulas, passing from the repertoire of one olonkhosut to the repertoire of another (only 14 olonkhosut from 9 regions of the republic), retain their basic structure and semantics. Thus, stable epic formulas are revealed, which are zones of mutual influence of the analyzed and compared texts, which were classified according to their subject. The percentage of interaction and mutual influence at the level of epic formulas for specified zones (areas) of the existence of various epic texts being compared is also established.

Acknowledgments: The study was prepared with the financial support of the RFBF, project No. 18-412-140013 r_a “The Epic Heritage of the Arctic (Northern) Yakuts in the Context of Ethnic History (Problem of Interaction and Mutual Influence)”

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