Superlative constructions in Olonkho texts

The article is devoted to the expression of superlatives and absolute degrees by constructions with adjectives based on the material of the Olonkho epic. Revealing the uniqueness of the language of the plan of expression of the microfield of inequality of the functional-semantic category of comparativity by lexicomorphological means in the olonkho text is one of the undeveloped tasks in Yakut linguofolcloristics. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the expression of degrees of comparison (superlative and absolute degrees) in the olonkho text. It provides for the solution of the following tasks: the definition of structures and the distribution of types of constructions with the semantics of superlativе and absolute superlative found in the texts of Olonkho. The main research methods were: the functional-semantic method, which involves a comprehensive consideration of multi-level linguistic means combined semantically to establish and systematize forms of expression of the meanings of excellence; the method of structural-semantic analysis for the most objective interpretation of the relationship between the grammatical and lexical components proper. The research material was the texts published by olonkho. It was established that the superlative expression in the texts of the Yakut Olonkho has a complex type and consists of constructions consisting of nouns and qualitative adjectives with a morphological index of possessivity and in conjunction with the particle kiene. The main differences between the superlatives are revealed. In the future, it is expected to identify the specifics of the expression of superlativе and the intensity of the feature in adverbs and nouns based on the olonkho material.

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