eposvfuЭпосоведениеEpic Studies2782-4861Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова10.25587/SVFU.2019.14.32185eposvfu-446Research ArticleСтатьиArticlesDistich and antiphonal singing: origination epic and heroic epic of the Miao peopleDistich and antiphonal singing: origination epic and heroic epic of the Miao peopleВУСяодонгWUXiaodongwuxd2003@163.comИнститут этнических литератур, Китайская Академия общественных наукКитайInstitute of Ethnic Literature, Chinese Academy of Social SciencesChina20191107202602107117Copyright © ВУ С., 20262026ВУ С.WU X.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epossvfu.ru/jour/article/view/446

Дистих и антифонное пение: эпос о происхождении и героический эпос народа Мяо

Мяо, проживающие в основном на юго-западной части Китая, являются большой этнической группой, которая поддерживает широкое разнообразие диалектов и культур. Народ Мяо можно разделить на три диалектные группы с большими различиями между собой в языке и культуре, и это различие также хорошо проявляется в их эпосах. В данной работе материалом исследования служат тексты эпосов Мяо, записанные автором во время полевой работы среди групп Мяо, и используется сравнительный метод. Подробно раскрываются особенности эпосов различных диалектов Мяо. В работе рассматриваются как формы, так и содержание эпосов Мяо. Что касается форм, то эпосы восточных и западных диалектных групп обычно исполняются одним певцом за один раз со стихами-антитезами. Содержание эпосов восточных и центральных диалектных групп – это, в основном, эпос о сотворении мира, а эпосы западных диалектных групп – героические сказания. В диалекте восточной части отсутствуют героические эпосы, изображающие войны, но есть эпосы о миграции, о переселениях, вызванных войнами, особенно вдоль реки. Изучая историю народа Мяо, мы утверждаем, что связь между диалектными группами, эпическими формами и содержанием может быть вызвана миграцией и войнами. Например, у Мяо в западной области было много войн и миграций, и поэтому у них было больше героических эпосов. А в восточной и центральной областях, где они наслаждались долгой мирной жизнью, главным образом бытовали эпосы о создании мира.

Miao, who mainly dwells in the southwest part of China, is a large ethnic group that maintains broad diversity in dialects and cultures. Miao’s dialects could be divided into three dialect areas with great differences in language and culture among each other, and this difference is also well manifested in their epics. This paper, based on the Miao epics that the author has collected during his fieldwork among Miao groups, employs the comparative method and makes a thorough introduction of the Miao epics according to their different dialect areas. This introduction comprises both the forms and the contents of the Miao epics. As to the forms, the epics from the eastern and western dialect areas are usually performed by one singer at a time with antithesis verses. As to the contents, the epics from eastern and central dialect areas are mainly creation epics while those from western dialect area are mainly heroic epics. Though there are no heroic epics in the eastern dialect area depicting wars, there are migration epics depicting the migrations caused by wars, especially those migrations along the river. By exploring and navigating Miao’s history, this paper maintains that the relation between the dialect areas, the epic forms, and contents might be caused by migration and wars. For instance, the Miao in the western dialect area had more wars and migrations, and thus they have more heroic epics. While in the eastern dialect area and central dialect area where they enjoyed a long-term peaceful life, their epics are mainly creation epics.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.